Astrobiology begins right here on Earth studying the extreme environments that our planet offers. Then, such understanding must be translated to predicting where we may find life elsewhere in our Solar System and even beyond in our galaxy. We study unique lifeforms on Earth and the physical and chemical biosignatures, that is traces of life, that they leave behind. Such traces can be used to provide a “Field Guide to Unknown Organisms” for developing life detection instruments, ideas for space missions to find life, and insights into ancient life on Earth. I will use examples from my own scientific work, and that of our NAI teams to illustrate the prospects for life in our Solar System and beyond.