
Particle physics is one of the most important emerging fields in science. The discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC in summer 2012 led to a large public interest in understanding particle physics. Physicists have continued to study the Higgs, search for new particles, and understand the mysteries of dark matter, neutrinos, and more.
In this 15th edition, the scientists from ICCUB gave masterclasses during the morning. Professors Eugeni Graugés and Lluis Garrido welcomed the students to the Faculty of Physics early in the morning, where they introduced them to the world of the tiniest bits of matter and the accelerators and detectors used to study them.
Following the lunch break, the students performed a practical exercise using real data. As the basic idea of the program is to let students work as much as possible like real scientists, they used current data obtained from experiments at the forefront of research. In connection with physicists at CERN and other student groups from different countries, they discussed their results.
The program was concluded with a guided visit to the different laboratories where physicists’ work, which allowed the students to discover the different research lines, integrated in ICCUB and see some of the latest equipment that researchers use.
This workshop is part of an annual program called International Masterclasses, organized by the International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG). Scientists at over 200 universities and laboratories in more than 50 countries host several Masterclasses at their home institutions.
For further information please read International Masterclasses
On Wednesday, 10 October 2018, more than 200 guests from around the world gathered on the northern array site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to celebrate the inauguration of the first prototype Large-Sized Telescope (LST). The telescope, named LST-1, is intended to become the first of four LSTs on the north site of the CTA Observatory, which is located on the existing site of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias’ (IAC’s) Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos located in the municipality of Villa de Garafia on the island of La Palma. The plan for the site also includes 15 Medium-Sized Telescopes (MSTs). .
It was on 9 October 2015 that the first stone-laying ceremony took place for the LST-1. After the telescope foundation was completed in January 2017, the team moved swiftly and steadily toward its next major milestones: installation of the center pin and rails (September 2017), mounting of the dish (December 2017). In 2018, the LST-1 structure was completed in February and the camera support structure was installed in June. The final step, the camera installation, was completed on 25 September 2018.
The LST team consists of more than 200 scientists from ten countries: Brazil, Croatia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Spain and Sweden. In this truly international effort, the design and management leadership was shared among LAPP, Annecy, France; Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany; INFN, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, Japan; and IFAE, Barcelona and CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. Among the participating centers in the construction there is also the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) and the Institute of Sciences of the Space ICE (IEEC-CSIC).
Figure 2.Pedro Duque, Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities; Xavier Luri, director of the ICCUB; Josep Maria Paredes, Director of the FQA department and Domènec Espriu, Vice-Rector for Research of the University of Barcelona . | Three Catalan research centers have had an important participation in the technological development of the LST-1. The Institute of High Energy Physics (IFAE) has been responsible for coordinating, controlling and assembling the camera of the LST-1 as well of the design and assembling of the mechanical system that allows the telescope to rotate and anchoring it to the ground. The Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) has contributed to the design of one of the signal amplification devices. The Institute of Space Sciences, ICE (IEEC-CSIC), has participated in the development of control software and scheduler. All three institutions have contributed to the definition of the scientific objectives of the project. |
In addition to the LST, two other classes of telescope are required to cover CTA’s full energy range from 20 gigaelectronvolt (GeV) to 300 teraelectronvolt (TeV): Medium-Sized Telescopes and Small-Sized Telescopes. Because gamma rays with low energies produce a small amount of Cherenkov light, telescopes with large mirrors are required to capture the images. Four LSTs will be arranged at the centre of both the northern and the southern hemisphere arrays of the Observatory to cover the low-energy sensitivity of CTA between 20 and 150 GeV.
The LST has a 23-metre diameter parabolic reflective surface, which is supported by a tubular structure made of reinforced carbon fibre and steel tubes. A reflective surface of 400 m2 collects and focuses the Cherenkov light into the camera, where photomultiplier tubes convert the light in electrical signals that can be processed by dedicated electronics. Although the LST-1 stands 45 metres tall and weighs around 100 tonnes, it is extremely nimble, with the ability to re-position within 20 seconds to capture brief, low-energy gamma-ray signals.

CREDIT: Iván Jiménez (IAC)
Figure 2.LST Prototype, the LST-1
The LSTs will expand the science reach to cosmological distances and fainter sources with soft energy spectra. Both the re-positioning speed and the low energy threshold provided by the LSTs are critical for CTA studies of transient gamma-ray sources in our own Galaxy and for the study of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts at high redshift.
The prototype is foreseen to become the first LST telescope of CTA, and, in fact, the first telescope on a CTA site, to be operated by the CTA Observatory (CTAO). As any other technical delivery in the large, multinational CTA project, the LST-1 will need to undergo a critical design review to verify that the design complies with CTA science goals, operational needs, safety standards, etc. before it is formally accepted by CTAO.
The second Sonar transmission to be sent into Luyten Star b will take place on May 14, 15 and 16. This potentially inhabitable exoplanet is 12,4 light years far from Earth, about 120 billion kilometres. This action is part of the project Sonar Calling, which counts on the participation of the researchers from the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC). Among those are Jordi Portell, researcher at the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the UB (ICCUB-IEEC), who was in charge of the message design, coding and coordination of the consignment.
Sonar Calling is the first series of radio transmissions sent to a near potentially inhabitable exoplanet. There has been a total of thirty-eight 10-second musical pieces by artists related to the festival that summarize the exploring essence of Sonar over its twenty-five years of existence. The response could arrive in about twenty-five years more, with the 50th anniversary of Sonar. In this case, Luyten Star b was chosen as its target because it is the closest one having a potentially inhabitable, which is known and is visible from the north hemisphere. All transmissions are sent from the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association antenna (EISCAT), in Tromsø (Norway). This transmission has been carried out in collaboration with the Canadian astrophysicist Yvan Dutil.
How to communicate with potential extra-terrestrials?
Transmissions have a series of tutorials for the potential extra-terrestrials, which intend to explain things about humans without having to understand a whole new language. These tutorials are based on self-decodable messages, which display a progressive introduction of concepts and information on mathematics, physics, humanity and cosmos. In 1999, Professor Dutil, together with Stéphane Dumas (1970-2016), created a small dictionary of symbols and concepts, each described with an image of a few pixels. The tutorial section in the sent message in Sonar Calling shows the different concepts little by little, as if we were teaching a baby how to speak. The last part of the tutorials, in which Jordi Portell (ICCUB-IEEC) participated, is necessary to understand the digital music –created by our artists, and has an illustration and practical demonstration of the concepts of digital music and simple sounds.
In order to discover the artistic and scientific aspects of this initiative, Sonar 2018 will be included in the “Sonar Calling GJ273b Control Room by Absolut”, which will be available in the space Sonar by Day. Also, framed within the international conference Sonar+D, there will be a conference given by the researchers who took part in the project, and ICCUB researcher Xavier Luri will carry out a workshop on the analysis of astronomical data for creative applications.
La Universitat de Barcelona i el Banc Santander, a través de Santander Universitats, han renovat avui el seu conveni de col·laboració i han signat un acord específic sobre les activitats que volen desenvolupar en el marc de la Unió Iberoamericana d'Universitats.
El rector de la Universitat de Barcelona, Joan Elias, i el president de Santander Universitats, Matías Rodríguez, han signat els acords en un acte a l'Edifici Històric de la UB en el qual també s'han presentat alguns dels èxits aconseguits fins ara amb la col·laboració entre les dues institucions. Així, hi han intervingut el vicerector Àlex Aguilar, per parlar dels projectes vinculats a la projecció i internacionalització de la Universitat; Jaume Valls, director del Barcelona Institut d'Emprenedoria (BIE), i Jordi Portell, coordinador de la Unitat Tecnològica de l'Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB).
L'acord recull els programes de suport i impuls a la recerca i la transferència, de manera que es promogui la captació de talent i alhora es doni suport a la millora d'equipaments. També hi ha programes orientats a la conservació del patrimoni, al desenvolupament de les tecnologies de la informació i les comunicacions i a l'impuls de la transformació digital. Així mateix, es destaca un programa de potenciació i consolidació de la internacionalització, inclosa la projecció internacional de la Universitat així com la mobilitat i formació internacional dels estudiants, professorat, investigadors i el personal administratiu i tècnic de la Universitat. L’acord també preveu un projecte dedicat a la dimensió emprenedora de la Universitat i el suport a les activitats de les càtedres de la UB. A més, segons aquest conveni, el Santander facilitarà a la UB la col·laboració tecnològica, operativa i de gestió amb l'objectiu de contribuir a l'eficiència de la gestió acadèmica i administrativa de la UB, així com enriquir l'oferta de serveis a la comunitat universitària.
El president de Santander Universitats, Matías Rodríguez, ha destacat: «El Santander s'honora de donar suport a projectes com els que ens han presentat avui: la missió Gaia, les activitats de la Unió Iberoamericana d'Universitats o el Barcelona Institut d'Emprenedoria». Així mateix, ha felicitat el rector i el seu equip pel mèrit que té que «la Universitat de Barcelona, amb un pressupost tan limitat com el que té, ocupi posicions tan bones en els rànquings i se situï entre les 200 millors universitats del món».
Per la seva banda, el rector de la UB ha afirmat que «la visió d'Emilio Botín va ser determinant a l'hora d'impulsar la relació entre el Banc Santander i la Universitat de Barcelona, perquè des del primer moment va considerar que la UB era estratègica», i ha remarcat «l'esforç mutu de les dues institucions durant aquests anys, generant sinergies, per aconseguir l'excel·lència». Finalment, Elias ha mostrat el seu desig que el Santander segueixi donant suport a la Universitat de Barcelona com ho ha fet fins ara».
Les dues parts també han signat un acord relatiu a la Unió Iberoamericana d'Universitats (UIU), xarxa que integren les universitats de Barcelona, Buenos Aires, Complutense de Madrid, Nacional Autònoma de Mèxic i São Paulo. La UIU va néixer el 2016 amb l'objectiu de tenir una veu coordinada en els temes que afecten les universitats signants d'aquesta aliança i que són primordials per a Iberoamèrica en l'àmbit del coneixement. La UIU, que té el patrocini de Santander Universitats, s'implica en activitats que promoguin la recerca, prioritzin la seva qualitat i l'avenç del coneixement, i el progrés i benestar de la societat, en particular del desenvolupament de les societats iberoamericanes. En l'acord bilateral que ara signa amb la UB, Santander Universitats dona suport econòmic a activitats acadèmiques conjuntes amb els altres integrants de la UIU.
Banco Santander, empresa que més inverteix en suport a l'educació en el món (Informe Varkey/UNESCO–Fortune 500), manté més de 1.200 acords de col·laboració amb universitats i institucions acadèmiques de 21 països a través de Santander Universitats i, a través de la xarxa Universia, agrupa a més de 1.300 institucions acadèmiques iberoamericanes.
Today, April 25, the European Space Agency (ESA) publishes the second file for the Gaia mission, an astrometry mission aiming to create the most precise map of our galaxy, the Milky Way. This second catalogue, apart from the locations of 1,700 million stars, includes the distance, movement and color of more than 1,300 million stars in the Milky Way and the nearest galaxies.
A team from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB), affiliated to the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) has taken part in this second release. This group leads the work of the mission file, and has also participated in this work. Moreover, Barcelona is the headquarters of one of the five data centers of the mission, among which are the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) and Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (Catalan Consortium of University Services, CSUC). The BSC offers the resources to conduct a part of the operations during the mission. At the moment, the BSC has also a safety copy of all the data for the Gaia satellite.
The catalogue has been carried out with data obtained by the satellite over the first twenty-two months of the mission. The file with these data, which are published today, is open to the scientific community, amateur astronomers and the general public. Regarding the first catalogue, published in September 2016, the new data include movements and parallax, which enables having –for the first time- a three-dimensional map of the galaxy, analysing the movement of 1 % of the stars that build it, and studying the structure and movement of the surrounding spiral galaxies.
The most precise universe in motion
This second catalogue has the positions of more than 1,700 million stars, and the parallax –which provides distance-, own movements, and photometry –brightness and colors- of more than 1,300 million stars.
In addition, the catalogue has more than seven million stars with measurements of their radium speed (speed at which the star gets closer or far), 550,000 light curves of variable stars that allow a critical review of the Universe distance scale; astrometry and photometry measurements for 14,000 asteroids, and the temperature of 160 million stars. The Gaia satellite has also observed the position of extragalactic objects such as quasars and faraway galaxies.
The central file of the mission is managed at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC, in Madrid). The obtained map has a precision of 40 microseconds of arc for the brightest stars, and 700 microseconds of art for the weakest ones, therefore being the most accurate sky map.
Gaia’s potential for scienceMoreover, researchers from the Gaia consortium publish today six scientific articles in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, using these data. These articles show the potential of the new data to work on science. Gaia opens a new window for the studies on stellar physics and formation mechanisms and evolution of stars, from the Galaxy and the surrounding satellite galaxies. These enable researchers study the rotation of the Magellanic Clouds, two small galaxies that are in the Milky Way; as well as galaxies closer to the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies. The analysis of the motion of stars in the Milky Way will enable researchers to set the distribution of dark matter in our galaxy, an essential piece to progress in the knowledge of its nature. Another application of the map built with data from Gaia is the fact that it will improve observation predictions on astronomical phenomena, such as a star eclipse by one of the small planets or asteroids in the solar system.
L’Agència Espacial Europea (ESA) farà públic aquest dimecres, 25 d'abril, el segon catàleg de la missió Gaia, una missió astromètrica que té com a objectiu crear el mapa més precís de la nostra galàxia, la Via Làctia. En l'elaboració d'aquest catàleg ha participat un equip de l’Institut de Ciències del Cosmos de la Universitat de Barcelona (ICCUB), adscrit a l’Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), que ha organitzat un acte a la Facultat de Física el mateix dia per explicar la rellevància del nou arxiu.
L’acte tindrà lloc a les 11.45 h a l’Aula Magna Enric Casassas i estarà presidit pel rector de la UB, Joan Elias. Hi intervindran Marina Villegas, directora de l'Agència Estatal d’Investigació; el director de l’ICCUB, Lluís Garrido, i el director de l’IEEC, Ignasi Ribas.
Tot seguit, membres de la missió Gaia de l'ICCUB explicaran els darrers resultats del projecte: Carme Jordi, professora del Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, farà una introducció a Gaia; Jordi Portell, cap de l'equip d'enginyeria del Grup Gaia-Barcelona, farà una ponència titulada «L'arxiu de Gaia: l'inici d'una nova era», i Teresa Antoja, investigadora postdoctoral Marie Curie a l'ICCUB, intervindrà amb «La galàxia que ens descobreix Gaia: primers resultats».
El segon catàleg de la missió Gaia, a més de les posicions de 1.700 milions d'estrelles, inclou dades sobre la distància, el moviment i el color de més de 1.300 milions d'estrelles de la Via Làctia i de galàxies properes. L’equip de l’ICCUB (UB-IEEC) lidera l’elaboració de l’arxiu de la missió. Juntament amb el catàleg, els investigadors del consorci Gaia han publicat els primers articles científics a la revista Astronomy & Astrophysics utilitzant dades de la missió.
The 2018 Breakthrough Prize on Fundamental Physics was awarded to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Prove (WMAP) team, for a project that studies the anisotropies in background radiation. The prize has been awarded to the twenty-seven researchers that belong to this team, like the ICREA researcher Licia Verde, from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the UB (ICCUB, IEEC-UB).
The team of WMAP obtained this award for the “detailed maps of the early universe that greatly improved our knowledge of the evolution of the cosmos and the fluctuations that seeded the formation of galaxies", notes the jury.
Funded by private sponsors like Mark Zuckerberg or Anne Wojcicki, the Breakthrough Prizes recognize the achievements of scientists in the fields of Life Sciences, Fundamental Physics and Mathematics with awards that are $3 million each, which makes these the largest individual monetary prizes in science.
Launched in 2001, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mapped the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with unprecedented precision. The project opened a new era of quantitative cosmology that led to the establishment of the Standard Model of Cosmology. Among other aspects, the interpretation of WMPA data allows scientists to determine the age of the universe (about 13.8 billion years), its rate of accelerating expansion (about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec) and its basic composition (about 5% "normal” matter, 24 % dark matter and 71 % dark energy).
Licia Verde, ICREA researcher at ICCUB (IEEC-UB), joined the WMAP team in 2001, when she was a Chandra Fellow in Princeton University. Among other contributions, she contributed to the cosmological analysis and led the paper the team published in 2003, Parameter Estimation Methodology, the sixth most cited paper in the field of Astronomy and Astrophysics according to Web of Science. The WMAP team also holds the prestigious Shaw Prize for Astronomy (2010) and the Gruber Prize in Cosmology (2012). Licia Verde has also been awarded with two European Research Council projects.
L’Institut de Ciències del Cosmos de la Universitat de Barcelona (ICCUB-IEEC) commemorarà el 25è aniversari de la Societat Espanyola d’Astronomia (SEA) amb dues conferències dirigides al públic general: una sobre les explosions de supernoves i una altra sobre la contaminació lumínica.
Calendari de conferències
El dilluns 27 de novembre, a les 19 hores, l’Aula Magna de l’Edifici Històric de la Universitat de Barcelona acollirà la primera d’aquestes xerrades, titulada «Explosions de supernova: la persistència de la memòria». Serà a càrrec de Carles Badenes, investigador de la Universitat de Pittsburgh i professor visitant a l’ICCUB, on col·labora amb l’equip de recerca de la missió Gaia, projecte de l’Agència Espacial Europea per elaborar el catàleg més precís de la Via Làctia que s’ha fet mai.
En aquesta conferència, Badenes abordarà el tema de les explosions de supernoves: què són, quin paper tenen en l’evolució estel·lar, i com es relacionen amb l’origen dels elements químics al nostre Univers. També parlarà d’un tipus d’explosions concretes, les anomenades supernoves termonuclears, que a dia d’avui segueixen sent un misteri per als astrofísics.
El divendres 15 de desembre, a les 12.45 h, tindrà lloc la segona conferència a la Facultat de Física de la UB (aula A22G). Salvador J. Ribas, director del Centre d’Observació de l’Univers, al Parc Astronòmic Montsec (Àger, la Noguera), i col·laborador de l’ICCUB, impartirà la ponència titulada «La contaminació lumínica, el cantó fosc de la llum».
La xerrada partirà d’una paradoxa: la introducció de l’enllumenat artificial a les nostres vides va suposar un gran canvi i avenç, però alhora, aquesta llum artificial té un «cantó fosc», amb moltes ramificacions que van més enllà de les observacions astronòmiques i que arriben a la nostra vida quotidiana. Ribas mostrarà els efectes més rellevants de la contaminació lumínica i plantejarà propostes que podem fer nosaltres mateixos per reduir-la.
Vint-i-cinc anys de la Societat Espanyola d’Astronomia
La Societat Espanyola d’Astronomia (SEA), que té la seu a la Facultat de Física de la UB, es va fundar el 20 de novembre de 1992 com a entitat que agrupa diversos professionals d’institucions que treballen en l’àmbit de l’astronomia arreu de l’Estat. A dia d’avui, la SEA inclou un total de 770 professionals i està presidida per Francesca Figueras, investigadora de l’Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB, IEEC-UB) i del Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica.
L’objectiu de la societat és contribuir al desenvolupament de l’astronomia i l’astrofísica a Espanya i promoure aquest camp del coneixement. En particular, també es proposa crear un fòrum independent per a la discussió d’assumptes d’interès comú per a la comunitat astronòmica espanyola.
El programa complet de les conferències del 25è aniversari de la SEA es durà a terme en múltiples localitzacions amb ponències que tractaran temàtiques diverses, com els forats negres gegants o les ones gravitacionals, entre d’altres.
Per a més informació sobre les activitats, consulteu aquest enllaç.
On Wednesday, October 18, twenty-five research centers accredited with Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu excellence distinctions carried out the creation of the Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu Alliance (SOMMa). Among those were five centers that belong to the University of Barcelona: the Institute of Cosmos Sciences (ICCUB) – UB institute- and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona, the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics and Barcelona School of Mathematics (centers in which the University takes part).
SOMMa will have several work groups to reach its goals, among which are the improvement of visibility, collaboration, scientific policy, dissemination of results, and sustainability of the project.
All the information about this scientific alliance will be soon available in a website.
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